English tenses

16 Kinds of tenses Tenses is very important in English language, because it helps to know the situation in time. There  are 16 kind of tenses. That is Present Tense (Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous), Past Tense (Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous), Future Tense (Simple future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous), and Past Future (Simple Past Future, Past Future Continuous, Past Future Perfect, Past Future Perfect Continuous). Present Tense Simple Present Tense Function: -          To express the habitual action -          To express the General Truth -          Using when meet the non-progressive verb Formula (Verbal) ( + ) S + V1(s/es) + O + Ts ( – ) S + do/does + not + V1 + O + Ts ( ? ) Do/Does + S + V1 + O + Ts? E.g.  (+) I plays video games every night (-) You dont play video games every night (?) Do you play video games every night? (Non Verbal) ( + ) S + is/am/are + A.N.A ( – ) S + is/am/are + not + A.N.A ( ? ) Is/am/are + S + A.N.A? *Ts = Time Signal *A.N.A = Adjective, Noun, Adverb. E.g. (+) I am a director (-) I am not a pilot (?) Am i a doctor? Present Continuous Tense Function -          Declare ongoing activities -          Declare the activities in the process -          Declare pique using Forever, constantly, always, etc. Formula ( + ) S + is/am/are + V-ing + O + Ts ( – ) S + is/am/are + not + V-ing + O + Ts ( ? ) Is/am/are + S + V-ing + O + Ts? E.g. (+) You are running your car so fast today (-) You aren’t running your cycle so fast today (?) Are you running your truck so fast today? Present  Perfect Tense Function -          Declare activity has happened -          Declare the repetition activity -          Using Since/For to declare the duration Formula ( + ) S + has/have + V3 + O + Ts ( – ) S + has/have + not + V3 + O + Ts ( ? ) has/have + S + V3 + O + Ts + ? E.g. (+) I has believed you everytime (-) I hasn’t believed you everytime (?) Hve they believed you everytime? Present Perfect Continuous Tense Function -          Declare the duration an activities Formula ( + ) S + has/have + been + V-ing + O + Ts ( – ) S + has/have + been + not + V-ing + O + Ts ( ? ) has/have + S + been + V-ing + O + Ts + ? E.g. (+) She has been borrowing your pen for a week (-) He hasn’t borrowing your book for an hour (?) Have you borrowing my door for 2 days? Past Tense Simple Past Tense Function -          Express habit in the past -          Express something happens in the past Formula (Verbal) ( + ) S + V2 + O + Ts ( – ) S + did + not + V1 + O + Ts ( ? ) Did + S + V1 + O + Ts + ? E.g. (+) I smoked when i was student. (-) I didn’t smoke when i was student. (?) Did you smoke when he was student? (Non Verbal) (+) S + was/were + A.N.A (-)S + was/were + not + A.N.A (?) was/were + S + A.N.A + ? E.g. (+) I was student (-) I wasn’t a student (?) Were you a student? Past Continuous Tense Function -          Express an activity that happening in the past Formula ( + ) S + was/were + V-ing + O + Ts ( – ) S + was/were + not + V-ing + O + Ts ( ? ) was/were + S + V-ing + O + Ts + ? E.g.  (+) Dari was teaching english while she past S2 Degree (-) Sira wasn’t cooking while Doni going home last night (?) Was Andri running when it rained? Past Perfect Tense Function -          Declare an activity which has been done before other activities in the past Formula ( + ) S + had + V3 + O + Ts ( – ) S + had + V3 + not + O + Ts ( ? ) Had + S + V3 + O + Ts + ? E.g.  (+) I had already remembered you before you remembered me (-) I hadn’t already taken a bath before I want to school (?) Had you taken a bath when you go to school? Past Perfect Continuous Tense Formula ( + ) S + had + been + V-ing + O + Ts ( – ) S + had + been + not + V-ing + O + Ts ( ? ) had + S + been + V-ing + O + Ts + ? E.g.  (+) You had been leaving me for 2 months before you forgot me to forever (-) I had been not leaving you for 2 months to forget you (?) Had she been leaving him forever? Future Tense Simple Future Tense Formula ( + ) S + will/shall + V1 + O + Ts ( – ) S + will/shall + not + V1 + O + Ts ( ? ) will/shall + S + V1 + O + Ts + ? E.g.  (+) (-) (?) Future Continuous Tense Formula ( + ) S + will/shall + V-ing + O + Ts ( – ) S + will/shall + not + V-ing + O + Ts ( ? ) will/shall + S + V-ing + O + Ts + ? E.g. Future Perfect Tense Formula (Verbal) ( + ) S + will/shall + have+ V3 + O + Ts ( – ) S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O + Ts ( ? ) will/shall + S + have + V3 + O + Ts + ? E.g.  (+) I will have gone home by the end of this year (-) I will not have gone home by the end of this year (?) Shall you have gone home by the end of this year? (Non Verbal) (+) S + will/shall + have + been + A.N.A (-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + A.N.A (?) Will/shall + S + have + been + A.N.A + ? E.g.  (+) I will have been a director by the five years (-) I will not have been a lawyer by the end of this year (?) Will you have been a driver by the end of this month? Future Perfect Continuous Tense Formula ( + ) S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing + O + Ts ( – ) S + will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing + O + Ts ( ? ) will/shall + S + have + been + V-ing + O + Ts + ? E.g.  (+) I will have been staying in Bogor for 1 years by the end of this month (-) I will not have been staying in Jakarta by tomorrow (?) Will you staying in Jogjakarta by the end of this week? Past Future Tense Simple Past Future Tense Function -          Express the activities which will going on but it has happened in past Formula ( + ) S + should/would + V1 ( – ) S + should/would + not + V1 ( ? ) should/would + S + V1 + ? E.g.  (+) I would buy a new sport car (-) I wouldn’t sing a song (?) Would you love me? Past Future Continuous Tense Function -          Express the activities which happening, but it was past Formula ( + ) S + should/would + be + V-ing ( – ) S + should/would + not + be + V-ing ( ? ) should/would + S + be + V-ing + ? E.g.  (+) I would be playing baseball at 10 yesterday (-) I wouldn’t be playing billiard (?) Would you be driving for me? Past Future Perfect Tense Formula ( + ) S + should/would + have + V3 ( – ) S + should/would + not + have + V3 ( ? ) should/would + S + have + V3+ ? E.g. (+) I would have worked (-) I wouldn’t have swum (?) Would you have bought a travel bag? Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Formula ( + ) S + should/would + have/has + been + V-ing ( – ) S + should/would + have/has + been + V-ing ( ? ) Should/would + S + have/has + been + V-ing + ? E.g.  (+) I would have been eating when you scream my name loudly (-) We would have been talking when you have a lot of time (?) Would you have been disappointing fo her? Simple Present
Affirmative	She drinks.
Negative	She does not drink.
Interrogative	Does she drink?
Form	I, you we they play | he, she, it plays
Uses	action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule

Present Progressive
Affirmative	He is reading.
Negative	He is not reading.
Interrogative	Is he reading?
Form	To be (in the simple present) + verb + ing
Uses	action taking place at the moment of speaking action arranged for the future

Simple Past
Affirmative	I cried.
Negative	I did not cry
Interrogative	Did I cry?
Form	Regular verbs: Verb + ed | Irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs
Uses	action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another

Past Progressive
Affirmative	He was driving.
Negative	He was not driving.
Interrogative	Was he driving?
Form	to be (in the simple past) + verb + ing
Uses	action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action

Present Perfect Simple
Affirmative	They have slept.
Negative	They have not slept.
Interrogative	Have they slept?
Form	Have / has + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)
Uses	emphasis is on the result (not the duration) action that started in the past & is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present

Present Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	He has been thinking.
Negative	He has not been thinking.
Interrogative	Has he been thinking?
Form	have or has + been + verb + ing
Uses	putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present

Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative	She had won.
Negative	She had not won.
Interrogative	Had she won?
Form	had + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)
Uses	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)

Past Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	He had been waiting.
Negative	He had not been waiting.
Interrogative	Had he been waiting?
Form	had + been + verb + ing
Uses	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action

Future Simple
Affirmative	You will win.
Negative	You will not win.
Interrogative	Will you win?
Form	will + verb
Uses	action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the future

Near Future (going to)
Affirmative	He is going to watch TV.
Negative	He is not going to watch TV.
Interrogative	Is he going to watch TV?
Form	to be (in the simple present) + going + to + verb
Uses	decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the future

Future  Progressive
Affirmative	She will be listening to music.
Negative	She will not be listening to music.
Interrogative	Will she be listening to music?
Form	will + be + verb + ing
Uses	action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future

Future Perfect
Affirmative	He will have spoken.
Negative	He will not have spoken.
Interrogative	Will he have spoken?
Form	will + have + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)
Uses	action that will be finished at a certain time in the future

Future Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	You will have been studying.
Negative	You will not have been studying.
Interrogative	Will you have been studying?
Form	will + have + been + verb + ing
Uses	action taking place before a certain time in the future putting emphasis on the course of an action

Conditional Simple
Affirmative	We would relax.
Negative	We would not relax.
Interrogative	Would we relax ?
Form	would + verb
Uses	action that might take place

Conditional Progressive
Affirmative	He would be writing.
Negative	He would not be writing.
Interrogative	Would he be writing?
Form	would + be + verb + ing
Uses	action that might take place putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Conditional Perfect
Affirmative	He would have written.
Negative	He would not have written.
Interrogative	Would he have written?
Form	would + have + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart This is a list of irregular verbs)
Uses	action that might have taken place in the past

Conditional Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	She would have been sleeping.
Negative	She would not have sleeping speaking.
Interrogative	Would she have been sleeping?
Form	would + have + been + verb + ing
Uses	action that might have taken place in the past puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action